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Quantum logic gates can perform calculations much more efficiently than theirclassical counterparts. However, the level of control needed to obtain areliable quantum operation is correspondingly higher. In order to evaluate theperformance of experimental quantum gates, it is therefore necessary toidentify the essential features that indicate quantum coherent operation. Inthis paper, we show that an efficient characterization of an experimentaldevice can be obtained by investigating the classical logic operations on apair of complementary basis sets. It is then possible to obtain reliablepredictions about the quantum coherent operations of the gate such asentanglement generation and Bell state discrimination even without performingthese operations directly.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables, Brief Review for Modern Physics Letters  A, includes a more detailed analysis of the experimental data in Phys. Rev.  Lett. 95, 210506 (2005) (quant-ph/0506263). v2 has minor corrections in  layou

ANALYSIS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL QUANTUM LOGIC GATE BY COMPLEMENTARY CLASSICAL OPERATIONS