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P. polycephalum may be considered as a spatially represented parallelunconventional computing substrate, but how can this `computer' be programmed?In this paper we examine and catalogue individual low-level mechanisms whichmay be used to induce network formation and adaptation in a multi-agent modelof P. polycephalum. These mechanisms include those intrinsic to the model(particle sensor angle, rotation angle, and scaling parameters) and thosemediated by the environment (stimulus loca- tion, distance, angle,concentration, engulfment and consumption of nutrients, and the presence ofsimulated light irradiation, repellents and obstacles). The mechanisms in- ducea concurrent integration of chemoattractant and chemorepellent gradientsdiffusing within the 2D lattice upon which the agent population resides,stimulating growth, move- ment, morphological adaptation and networkminimisation. Chemoattractant gradients, and their modulation by the engulfmentand consumption of nutrients by the model population, represent an efficientoutsourcing of spatial computation. The mechanisms may prove useful inunderstanding the search strategies and adaptation of distributed organismswithin their environment, in understanding the minimal requirements for com-plex adaptive behaviours, and in developing methods of spatially programmingparallel unconventional computers and robotic devices.

Mechanisms Inducing Parallel Computation in a Model of Physarum polycephalum Transport Networks