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The relationship between galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH) foundin their cores plays a key role in the formation and evolution of both of thesemajor constituents of the universe, as well as the evolution of theintergalactic medium. Neither can be fully understood on their own, and studiesof galaxy and SMBH co-formation and co-evolution are now among the centraltopics of research in cosmology. Yet the very origins, and the early growthphases of the SMBH are still not firmly established. We review our currentunderstanding of the relevant processes and their astrophysical andcosmological context, with an emphasis on the observability of the SMBH growthmechanisms at high redshifts, and their leftover progeny at low redshifts.

The Origins and the Early Evolution of Quasars and Supermassive Black Holes