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This article discussesl a few of the problems that arise in geophysical fluiddynamics and climate that are associated with the presence of moisture in theair, its condensation and release of latent heat. Our main focus is Earth'satmosphere but we also discuss how these problems might manifest themselves onother planetary bodies, with particular attention to Titan where methane takeson the role of water.  GFD has traditionally been concerned with understanding the very basicproblems that lie at the foundation of dynamical meteorology andocean\-ography. Conventionally, and a little ironically, the subject mainlyconsiders `dry' fluids, meaning it does not concern itself overly much withphase changes. The subject is often regarded as dry in another way, because itdoes not consider problems perceived as relevant to the real world, such asclouds or rainfall, which have typically been the province of complicatednumerical models. Those models often rely on parameterizations of unresolvedprocesses, parameterizations that may work very well but that often have asemi-empirical basis. The consequent dichotomy between the foundations and theapplications prevents progress being made that has both a secure basis inscientific understanding and a relevance to the Earth's climate, especiallywhere moisture is concerned. The dichotomy also inhibits progress inunderstanding the climate of other planets, where observations are insufficientto tune the parameterizations that weather and climate models for Earth relyupon, and a more fundamental approach is called for. Here we discuss fourdiverse examples of the problems with moisture: the determination of relativehumidity and cloudiness; the transport of water vapor and its possible changeunder global warming; the moist shallow water equations and the Madden-JulianOscillation; and the hydrology cycle on other planetary bodies.

The Trouble with Water: Condensation, Circulation and Climate