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A new concept for narrow-band direct nuclear laser spectroscopy of$^{229\text{m}}$Th is proposed, using a single comb mode of a vacuumultraviolet frequency comb generated from the 7th harmonic of an Yb-doped fiberlaser system. In this concept more than $10^{14}$ $^{229}$Th atoms on a surfaceare irradiated in parallel and a successful nuclear excitation is probed viathe internal-conversion (IC) decay channel. A net scanning time of 15 minutesfor the most recent 1~$\sigma$ energy uncertainty interval of 0.34 eV appearsto be achievable when searching for the nuclear transition. In case ofsuccessful observation, the isomer's energy value would be constrained to anuncertainty of about 100~MHz, which is a factor of $10^6$ of improvementcompared to today's knowledge. Further, the comb mode could be stabilized tothe nuclear transition using the same detection method, allowing for thedevelopment of an IC-based solid-state nuclear clock, which is shown to achievethe same performance as a crystal-lattice nuclear clock, however, with theadvantage of a drastically simpler detection scheme. Finally, it is shown thatthe same laser system could be used to narrow down the isomer's transitionenergy by further six orders of magnitude during laser excitation of$^{229}$Th$^{3+}$ ions in a Paul trap and to drive nuclear Rabi oscillations,as required for the development of a nuclear clock based on a single$^{229}$Th$^{3+}$ ion.

the european physical journal. d, atomic, molecular and optical physics/the european physical journal. d, atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics

Concepts for direct frequency-comb spectroscopy of $^{229\text{m}}$Th and an internal-conversion-based solid-state nuclear clock