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We have studied magneto-optical traps (MOTs) for efficient on-line trappingof radioactive atoms. After discussing a model of the trapping process in avapor cell and its efficiency, we present the results of detailed experimentalstudies on Rb MOTs. Three spherical cells of different sizes were used. Thesecells can be easily replaced, while keeping the rest of the apparatusunchanged: atomic sources, vacuum conditions, magnetic field gradients, sizesand power of the laser beams, detection system. By direct comparison, we findthat the trapping efficiency only weakly depends on the MOT cell size. It isalso found that the trapping efficiency of the MOT with the smallest cell,whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the trapping beams, is about 40%smaller than the efficiency of larger cells. Furthermore, we also demonstratethe importance of two factors: a long coated tube at the entrance of the MOTcell, used instead of a diaphragm; and the passivation with an alkali vapor ofthe coating on the cell walls, in order to minimize the losses of trappableatoms. These results guided us in the construction of an efficientlarge-diameter cell, which has been successfully employed for on-line trappingof Fr isotopes at INFN's national laboratories in Legnaro, Italy.

the european physical journal. d, atomic, molecular and optical physics/the european physical journal. d, atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics

Experimental study of vapor-cell magneto-optical traps for efficient trapping of radioactive atoms