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We revisit the thermal production red and annihilation of magnetic monopolesand their relic abundance in order to gain a deeper physical interpretation onthe monopole phenomenology predicted from the Baines et al. effective fieldtheory, recently proposed in the description of monopole pair production viaDrell-Yan and photon fusion processes. In this sense, we red use of the vacuumcross sections for the Drell-Yan reactions derived within the mentionedframework to evaluate the cross section averaged over the thermal distributionassociated to other particles that constitute the hot medium where themonopoles propagate. In the considered range of monopole mass with spin-zeroand spin-half, our findings suggest that the thermally averaged cross sectionsfor the pair production are highly suppressed, while at higher temperaturesthose for the annihilation of lighter pairs reach larger magnitudes. Besides,we observe that smaller temperature leads to a rate of annihilation for scalarmonopoles smaller than the one for fermionic monopoles, which might beinterpreted as a theoretical evidence of a more pronounced stability for spin-0and heavier monopoles.Then we input these thermally averaged cross sectionsinto the kinetic equation that describes the evolution of the monopoleabundance via an extension of a freeze-out theory. Our results infer thatheavier monopoles achieve the equilibrium at earlier stages of the expansion,and consequently at higher temperatures. In addition, larger monopole massesproduce higher values of the relic abundance. Besides, the results indicatethat the abundance does not behave differently for spinless and spin-half relicmonopoles.

An Effective Field Theory Treatment of the Production and Annihilation of Magnetic Monopoles and their Relic Abundance