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In this paper, we use the latest observations of quasars covering theredshift range of $0.04<z<5.1$ to investigate a series of Chaplygin gas modelsas candidates for unified dark matter and dark energy. Based on differentcombinations of available standard candle and standard ruler data, we putconstraints on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG), modified Chaplygin gas(MCG), new generalized Chaplygin gas (NGCG) and viscous generalized Chaplygingas (VGCG) models. Moreover, we apply Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD),statefinder diagnostics, and the deviance information criterion (DIC) todistinguish these CG models, based on the statistical results derived fromMarkov chain Monte Carlo method. The results show that (1) The standard rulerdata could provide more stringent constraints on the cosmological parameters ofdifferent CG models considered in this analysis. Interestingly, the matterdensity parameter $\Omega_{m}$ and Hubble constant $H_{0}$ derived from theavailable data are well consistent with those from the Planck 2018 results; (2)Based on the statistical criteria JSD, our findings demonstrate the wellconsistency between Chaplygin gas and the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model.However, in the framework of statefinder diagnostics, the GCG and NGCG modelscannot be distinguished from $\Lambda$CDM, while MCG and VGCG models showsignificant deviation from $\Lambda$CDM in the present epoch; (3) According tothe the statistical criteria DIC, we show that the MCG and VGCG models havesubstantial observational support from high-redshfit quasars, whereas the GCGand NGCG models miss out on the less observational support category but can notbe ruled out.

Revisiting Chaplygin gas cosmologies with the recent observations of high-redshfit quasars