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We reconsider the associated $Z$ boson and charm or beauty jet production atthe LHC with paying special attention to the formation dynamics of heavy jets.Two different approaches are studied: first one, where heavy quarks areproduced in the hard scattering subprocesses, implemented in the Monte-Carlogenerator PEGASUS, and another scenario, where the hard scattering iscalculated at NLO with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and TMD parton shower is included(implemented in the Monte-Carlo generator CASCADE3). We compare the predictionsobtained in both schemes with latest experimental data for associated $Z + b$production cross sections and the relative production rate $\sigma(Z +c)/\sigma(Z + b)$ collected by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at $\sqrt s =13$~TeV. We introduce two kinematic observables (denoted as $z_b$ and $p_T^{\rmrel}$) which can be used to discriminate the heavy jet production mechanisms.Using these variables we trace the shape of the simulated $b$-jet events andrecommend that these observables be taken into consideration in the forthcomingexperimental analyses.

Discriminating the heavy jet production mechanisms in associated $Z$ + heavy flavor events at the LHC