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A measurement of the energy asymmetry in jet-associated top-quark pairproduction is presented using 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected by theATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during $pp$ collisions at$\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The observable measures the different probability of top andantitop quarks to have the higher energy as a function of the jet scatteringangle with respect to the beam axis. The energy asymmetry is measured in thesemileptonic $t\bar{t}$ decay channel, and the hadronically decaying top quarkmust have transverse momentum above $350$ GeV. The results are corrected fordetector effects to particle level in three bins of the scattering angle of theassociated jet. The measurement agrees with the SM prediction atnext-to-leading-order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics in all three bins. Inthe bin with the largest expected asymmetry, where the jet is emittedperpendicular to the beam, the energy asymmetry is measured to be$-0.043\pm0.020$, in agreement with the SM prediction of $-0.037\pm0.003$.Interpreting this result in the framework of the Standard Model effective fieldtheory (SMEFT), it is shown that the energy asymmetry is sensitive to thetop-quark chirality in four-quark operators and is therefore a valuable newobservable in global SMEFT fits.

Measurement of the energy asymmetry in $t\bar{t}j$ production at 13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment and interpretation in the SMEFT framework