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The footprint of radio emission from extensive air showers is known toexhibit asymmetries due to the superposition of geomagnetic and charge-excessradiation. For inclined air showers a geometric early-late effect disturbs thesignal distribution further. Correcting CoREAS simulations for theseasymmetries reveals an additional disturbance in the signal distribution ofhighly inclined showers in atmospheres with a realistic refractive indexprofile. This additional apparent asymmetry in fact arises from a systematicdisplacement of the radio-emission footprint with respect to the Monte-Carloshower impact point on the ground. We find a displacement of $\sim1500\,\text{m}$ in the ground plane for showers with a zenith angle of$85^\circ$, illustrating that the effect is relevant in practical applications.A model describing this displacement by refraction in the atmosphere based onSnell's law yields good agreement with our observations from CoREASsimulations. We thus conclude that the displacement is caused by refraction inthe atmosphere.

Refractive displacement of the radio-emission footprint of inclined air showers simulated with CoREAS