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The spatially nonlocal response functions are proposed which nearly coincidewith the commonly used local response for electromagnetic fields andfluctuations on the mass shell, but differ significantly for the off-shellfluctuating field. It is shown that the fundamental Lifshitz theory using thesuggested response functions comes to an agreement with the measurement datafor the Casimir force without neglecting the dissipation of free electrons. Wedemonstrate that reflectances of the on-shell electromagnetic waves calculatedusing the nonlocal and commonly employed local responses differ only slightly.The Kramers-Kronig relations for nonlocal response functions possessing thefirst- and second-order poles at zero frequency are derived, i.e., the proposedresponse satisfies the principle of causality. An application of these resultsto resolution of the Casimir puzzle, which lies in the fact that the Lifshitztheory is experimentally consistent only with discarded dissipation, isdiscussed.

An alternative response to the off-shell quantum fluctuations: A step forward in resolution of the Casimir puzzle