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GWs from extra dimensions, very early universe, and some high-energyastrophysical process, might have at most six polarizations: plus- andcross-type (tensor-mode gravitons), x-, y-type (vector-mode), and b-, l-type(scalar-mode). Peak or partial peak regions of some of such GWs are justdistributed in GHz or higher frequency band, which would be optimal band forelectromagnetic(EM) response. In this paper we investigate EM response to suchhigh-frequency GWs(HFGWs) having additional polarizations. For the first timewe address:(1)concrete forms of analytic solutions for perturbed EM fieldscaused by HFGWs having all six possible polarizations in background stable EMfields; (2)perturbed EM signals of HFGWs with additional polarizations inthree-dimensional-synchro-resonance-system(3DSR system) and ingalactic-extragalactic background EM fields. These perturbative EM fields areactually EM counterparts of HFGWs, and such results provide a novel way tosimultaneously distinguish and display all possible six polarizations. It isalso shown: (i)In EM response, pure cross-, x-type and pure y-typepolarizations can independently generate perturbative photon fluxes(PPFs,signals), while plus-, b- and l-type polarizations produce PPFs in differentcombination states. (ii) All such six polarizations have separability anddetectability. (iii)In EM response to HFGWs from extra-dimensions,distinguishing and displaying different polarizations would be quite possibledue to their very high frequencies, large energy densities and specialproperties of spectrum. (iv)Detection band(10^8 to 10^12 Hz or higher) of PPFsby 3DSR and observation range(7*10^7 to 3*10^9 Hz) of PPFs by FAST(Five-hundred-meter-Aperture-Spherical Telescope, China), have a certainoverlapping property, so their coincidence experiments will have highcomplementarity.

european physical journal. c, particles and fields

Electromagnetic counterparts of high-frequency gravitational waves  having additional polarization states: distinguishing and probing  tensor-mode, vector-mode and scalar-mode gravitons