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Measurements made recently with the PAMELA satellite have shown with goodevidence that a fraction of the cosmic rays detected on Earth comes fromJupiter. This result draws attention to the idea that magnetospheres ofastrophysical objects could contribute to the sources of cosmic rays. Wediscuss this conjecture on the basis of Earth installed instrumentation and ofthe measurements made with PAMELA. The experiments strongly favor the validityof the conjecture. In particular the PAMELA data show that the proton fluxesare larger when the Earth orbit intersects the lines of the interplanetarymagnetic field connecting Jupiter with Earth. This effect shows up with morethan ten standard deviations, difficult to explain without the idea that partof the cosmic ray protons comes directly from the Jupiter magnetosphere.

Emission of cosmic rays from Jupiter. Magnetospheres as Sources of Cosmic Rays