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The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined forjets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with acentre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV corresponding to an integratedluminosity of 4.7 fb$^{-1}$. Jets are reconstructed from energy depositsforming topological clusters of calorimeter cells using the anti-k$_t$algorithm with distance parameters $R=0.4$ or $R=0.6$, and are calibrated usingMC simulations. A residual JES correction is applied to account for differencesbetween data and MC simulations. This correction and its systematic uncertaintyare estimated using a combination of in situ techniques exploiting thetransverse momentum balance between a jet and a reference object such as aphoton or a Z boson, for $20 < p_T < 1000$ GeV and pseudorapidities$|\eta|<4.5$. The effect of multiple proton-proton interactions is correctedfor, and an uncertainty is evaluatedusing in situ techniques. The smallest JESuncertainty of less than $1 %$ is found in the central calorimeterregion($|\eta|<1.2$) for jets with $55< p_T< 500$ GeV. For central jets atlower $p_T$, the uncertainty is about $3 %$. A consistent JES estimate is foundusing measurements of the calorimeter response of single hadrons inproton-proton collisionsand test-beam data, which also provide the estimate for$p_{T,jet} > 1$ TeV. The calibration of forward jets is derived from dijet$p_T$ balance measurements. The resulting uncertainty reaches its largest valueof $6%$ for low-$p_T$ jets at $|\eta|=4.5$.  Additional JES uncertainties due to specific event topologies, such asclose-by jets or selections of event samples with an enhanced content of jetsoriginating from light quarks or gluons, are also discussed. The magnitude ofthese uncertainties depends on the event sample used in a given physicsanalysis, but typically amounts to $0.5%$ to $3%$.

Jet energy measurement and its systematic uncertainty in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector