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We study in detail the influence of the nuclear form factor both on the Borncross section and on the Coulomb corrections to the photo-production of muonpairs off heavy nuclei (gamma Z -> mu+ mu- Z$) and in heavy-ion collisions (ZZ-> ZZ mu+ mu-). Our findings indicate a number of issues which have not beensufficiently described as yet in the literature: (i) the use of a realisticform factor, based on the Fermi charge distribution for the nucleus, isabsolutely indispensable for reliable theoretical predictions; (ii) we checkedquantitatively that the equivalent photon approximation has a very goodaccuracy for the discussed processes; and (iii) we present a leadinglogarithmic calculation of the Coulomb corrections which correspond tomulti-photon exchange of the produced mu+/- with the nuclei. These correctionsare found to be small (on the percent level). Our result justifies using theBorn approximation for numerical simulations of the discussed process at theRHIC and LHC colliders. Finally, we calculate the total cross section for muonpair production at RHIC and LHC.

european physical journal. c, particles and fields

Nuclear form factor, validity of the equivalent photon approximation and  Coulomb corrections to muon pair production in photon-nucleus and  nucleus-nucleus collisions