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Two-phase flow calculations are presented to investigate thethermo-hydraulical effects of the interaction between 300 kJ proton pulses (2ms long, 1.3 GeV) with a closed mercury loop which can be considered as a modelsystem of the target of the planned European Spallation Source(ESS) facility.The two-fluid model consists of six first-order partial differential equationsthat present one dimensional mass momentum and energy balances for mercuryvapour and liquid phases are capable to describe quick transients likecavitation effects or shock waves. The absorption of the proton beam isrepresented as instantaneous heat source in the energy balance equations.Densities and internal energies of the mercury liquid-vapour system arecalculated from van der Waals equation, and the general method how to obtainsuch properties is also presented. A second order accurate high-resolutionshock-capturing numerical scheme is applied with different kinds of limiters inthe numerical calculations. %Our two-fluid model is very similar to the RELAP5thermo-hydraulical code %which is used in the nuclear industry to simulatenuclear power plant accidents. Our analysis show that even 75 degreetemperature heat shocks cannot cause considerable cavitation effects in mercuryin 2ms long pulses

Two-phase flow model for energetic proton beam induced pressure waves in mercury target systems in the planned European Spallation Source