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We show that the Linear Sigma Model with quarks produces an effectivedescription of the QCD phase diagram and of the system's equilibriumdistribution properties that deviate from those of the Hadron Resonance GasModel. The deviation is due to the inclusion of plasma screening properties,encoded in the contribution of the ring diagrams and thus to the introductionof a key feature of plasmas near phase transitions, namely, long-rangecorrelations. After fixing the model parameters using input from LQCD for thecrossover transition at vanishing chemical potential, we study the location ofthe Critical End Point in the effective QCD phase diagram. We use the model tostudy baryon number fluctuations and show that in heavy-ion collisions, the CEPcan be located for collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\sim 2$ GeV, namely, in thelowest NICA or within the HADES energy domain.

Collision energy dependence of the critical end point from baryon number fluctuations in the Linear Sigma Model with quarks