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The deuteron coalescence parameter $B_2$ in proton+proton and nucleus+nucleuscollisions in the energy range of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 900 - 7000 GeV forproton+proton and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2 - 2760 GeV for nucleus+nucleus collisionsis analyzed with the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD)transport model, supplemented by an event-by-event phase space coalescencemodel for deuteron and anti-deuteron production. The results are compared todata by the E866, E877, PHENIX, STAR and ALICE experiments. The $B_2$ valuesare calculated from the final spectra of protons and deuterons. At lowerenergies, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\leq 20$ GeV, $B_2$ drops drastically with increasingenergy. The calculations confirm that this is due to the increasing freeze-outvolume reflected in $B_2\sim 1/V$. At higher energies, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\geq 20$GeV, $B_2$ saturates at a constant level. This qualitative change and thevanishing of the volume suppression is shown to be due to the development ofstrong radial flow with increasing energy. The flow leads to strongspace-momentum correlations which counteract the volume effect.

Understanding the energy dependence of $B_2$ in heavy ion collisions: Interplay of volume and space-momentum correlations