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We review the phenomenon of fine structure of nuclear giant resonances andits relation to different resonance decay mechanisms. Wavelet analysis of theexperimental spectra provides quantitative information on the fine structure interms of characteristic scales. A comparable analysis of resonance strengthdistributions from microscopic approaches incorporating one or several of theresonance decay mechanisms allows conclusions on the source of the finestructure. For the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance (ISGQR), spreadingthrough the first step of the doorway mechanism, i.e.\ coupling between oneparticle-one hole ($1p1h$) and two particle-two hole ($2p2h$) states isidentified as the relevant mechanism. In heavy nuclei it is dominated bycoupling to low-lying surface vibrations, while in lighter nuclei stochasticcoupling becomes increasingly important. The fine structure observed for theisovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) arises mainly from the fragmentationof the $1p1h$ strength (Landau damping), although some indications for therelevance of the spreading width are also found.

Gross, intermediate and fine structure of nuclear giant resonances: Evidence for doorway states