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Photoproduction of $\eta$ mesons off $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca, $^{93}$Nb, and$^{nat}$Pb nuclei has been measured with a tagged photon beam with energiesbetween 0.6 and 2.2 GeV. The experiment was performed at the Bonn ELSAaccelerator with the combined setup of the Crystal Barrel and TAPScalorimeters. It aimed at the in-medium properties of the S$_{11}$(1535)nucleon resonance and the study of the absorption properties of nuclear matterfor $\eta$ mesons. Careful consideration was given to contributions from$\eta\pi$ final states and secondary production mechanisms of $\eta$-mesonse.g. from inelastic $\pi N$ reactions of intermediate pions. The analysis ofthe mass number scaling shows that the nuclear absorption cross section$\sigma_{N\eta}$ for $\eta$ mesons is constant over a wide range of the $\eta$momentum. The comparison of the excitation functions to data off the deuteronand to calculations in the framework of a BUU-model show no unexplainedin-medium modifications of the S$_{11}$(1535).

Photoproduction of eta-mesons off nuclei for Eg < 2.2 GeV