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Piscine orthoreovirus Strain PRV-1 is the causative agent of heart andskeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Given itshigh prevalence in net pen salmon, debate has arisen on whether PRV poses arisk to migratory salmon, especially in British Columbia (BC) wherecommercially important wild Pacific salmon are in decline. Various strains ofPRV have been associated with diseases in Pacific salmon, includingerythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS), HSMI-like disease, andjaundice/anemia in Japan, Norway, Chile and Canada. We examine thedevelopmental pathway of HSMI and jaundice/anemia associated with PRV-1 infarmed Atlantic and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon in BC,respectively. In situ hybridization localized PRV-1 within developing lesionsin both diseases. The two diseases showed dissimilar pathological pathways,with inflammatory lesions in heart and skeletal muscle in Atlantic salmon, anddegenerative-necrotic lesions in kidney and liver in Chinook salmon, plausiblyexplained by differences in PRV load tolerance in red blood cells. Viral genomesequencing revealed no consistent differences in PRV-1 variants intimatelyinvolved in the development of both diseases, suggesting that migratory Chinooksalmon may be at more than a minimal risk of disease from exposure to the highlevels of PRV occurring on salmon farms.

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The same strain of Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1) is involved with the  development of different, but related, diseases in Atlantic and Pacific  Salmon in British Columbia