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One of the primary goals of eutrophication management of freshwater systems is to lower the risk of cyanobacterial blooms. This is typically accomplished at the watershed scale by placing controls on phosphorus (P) discharge from point sources. However, several researchers have questioned the predominance of the P management paradigm, arguing that dual nitrogen (N) and P controls would be more effective at preventing cyanobacteria blooms than P controls alone. This hypothesis is predicated in part on the hypothesis that if cyanobacteria are starved of N, which is an essential nutrient, cyanobacteria N2 fixation rates will not be high enough to maintain growth rates and biomass yields at or near previous levels. However, several single species cultures of heterocystous cyanobacteria directly examining the effect of removing N show that, when deprived of ammonium and nitrate, N2 fixing cyanobacteria compensate biochemically for the high energy cost of fixation when supplied with sufficient nutrients other t...

environmental reviews

The effectiveness of cyanobacteria nitrogen fixation: Review of bench top and pilot scale nitrogen removal studies and implications for nitrogen removal programs