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Wood frogs [ Rana sylvatica (LeConte 1825)] exhibit one of the most extreme freeze tolerance responses found in vertebrates. While extensive work is continuing to resolve the physiological mechanisms involved, few have studied the effects of freezing on locomotor performance. The ability to mount an appropriate locomotor response is vital, as locomotion can affect both survivorship and reproductive success. To investigate how the biomechanical processes during locomotion are altered following freezing, stroke cycle timings and kinematic performance were measured prior to, and immediately following a freeze-thaw cycle. Additionally, the effects of cooling rate (0.3˚C/h vs. 0.8˚C/h) were also assessed. While jumping and swimming performance were both reduced post-freeze, the effects were more pronounced during swimming, with observed reductions in velocity and distance travelled. Interestingly, these changes occurred largely independent of cooling rate. Altered stroke cycle timings and highly variable...

Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)