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A greenhouse trial assessed the effects of biochar and vermicompost as partial substitutes of conventional growing media on leafy vegetables’ yields and changes of NH 4  + -N and NO 3  − -N in growing medium and leachates. Six growing media mixtures [(a) coir, (b) coir + biochar, (c) coir + vermicompost, (d) peat, (e) peat +vermicompost, (f) peat + biochar] combined with three nitrogen (N) rates [0% (0 g N·pot −1 ), 50% (0.5 g N·pot −1 ), and 100% (1.0 g N·pot −1 ) commercial recommendation] were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. On average, the yield gap between 100% N and 50% N was improved when biochar and vermicompost were used as substitutes of coir (32% and 28% vs. 49%) and peat (14% and 18% vs. 27%). The concentrations of NH 4  + -N in the leachates for peat + biochar varied between 17.20 and 1.00 mg·L −1 . The concentrations of NO 3  − -N in the leachates varied between 130.0 and 1.0 mg·L −1  for coir + vermicompost, and 60 and 1.0 mg·L −1  for peat + vermicompost. The residual NO 3  − -N in peat + biochar growing media and the leachates did not match the changes observed for NH 4  + -N, and the much lower residual NH 4  + -N indicates possible NH 4  + -N retention by biochar and loss through volatilization in the early growth stages. Our results show that partial substitution of peat with biochar and coir with vermicompost maintained acceptable crop yield at 50% N due probably to N supply by vermicompost and decreased residual mineral N and loss by biochar in the leachates which could be beneficial for the environment.

Supplement of biochar and vermicompost amendments in coir and peat growing media improves N management and yields of leafy vegetables