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The pseudanthium of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) consists of two floret types: zygomorphic sterile ray florets and\udactinomorphic hermaphrodite disc florets. In the tubular ray flower (turf) mutant, the loss-of-function of a CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene\udgenerates hermaphrodite tubular-like ray florets that replace the normal sterile ray florets. We evaluated whether tubular-like\udray florets have a multifaceted set of floral traits and the presence of heteromorphic seeds in the turf inflorescence. During early\udstages of floral ontogeny, primordia of both tubular-like ray florets and typical ray florets displayed a comparable shape. In\udcontrast, during later stages of development, the form of tubular-like ray floret primordia was most similar to disc floret\udprimordia. In mature tubular-like ray florets, corolla and ovary had both ray and disc floret characteristics but also displayed\uddistinct identity traits. In open-pollinated tubular-like ray florets, the seed set was low, but a noteworthy increase of filled\udachenes was obtained by hand pollination. Wild type ray achenes were always empty. Embryos of tubular-like ray florets were\udshorter and lighter than the embryos of disc florets but able to produce fertile plants. In conclusion, the different identity\udcharacteristics combined in tubular-like ray florets of the mutant evolved a capitulum type not described in the genus Helianthus

botany

A <i>CYCLOIDEA</i>-like gene mutation in sunflower determines an unusual floret type able to produce filled achenes at the periphery of the pseudanthium

A CYCLOIDEA-like gene mutation in sunflower determines an unusual floret type able to produce filled achenes at the periphery of the pseudanthium