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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) on histological changes, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of spleen in chickens. 240 chickens were randomly allocated to control group (without NH3 challenge) and NH3 group (70±5 ppm NH3). The experiment lasted for eight days. The results showed that NH3 exposure caused the decreased relative weight (P&lt;0.05), dysplasia of lymphatic follicle, up-regulation of G0G1 phase cells, excessive apoptosis, and increase of reactive oxygen spcecies (ROS) activated cells (P&lt;0.05) in the spleen. The mechanisms of cell cycle blockage were closely related to the upregulation of p53, p21 gene (P&lt;0.05), the downregulation of cyclinD1, cdk6 gene (P&lt;0.05), and the decrease of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) protein (P&lt;0.05). The activated apoptosis could resulted from the increased gene and protein expressions of bax and caspase-3 (P&lt;0.05), and the decreased gene and protein expressions of bcl-2 (P&lt;0.05). The results suggested that 70±5 ppm NH3 caused the spleen dysplasia, which were closely related to the cell cycle arrest and mitochondria apoptotic pathway activation.

Atmospheric ammonia causes histopathological lesions, cell cycle blockage, and apoptosis of spleen in chickens