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Biological approaches have recently been explored as environmentally friendly alternatives to engineered soil methods in geotechnical engineering practices. The use of microbial induced calcite precipitation, reactive enzymes, and microbial polymers, such as biopolymers, in soil improvement has been studied by researchers around the world. In the present study, gellan gum, a microbial polysaccharide generally used in the food industry due to its hydrogel rheology, was used to strengthen sand. The effects of gellan gum on the geotechnical behaviors of cohesionless sand were evaluated through a series of experimental programs including an unconfined compression test, direct shear test, falling head permeability test, and scanning electron microscopy. The geotechnical properties (friction angle, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength) of gellan gum–treated sands were determined based on varying moisture conditions: initial, dried, and re-submerged. Gellan gum has a distinct strengthening effect on coh...

Geotechnical engineering behaviors of gellan gum biopolymer treated sand