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At \Vawa, in norther11 Ontario, vegetation has been damaged severely by sulphur dioxide pollution fro111 an iron-siiitering plant. Daimage is mainly restrictccl to a ixtrrow strip nortl~east from the sinter plant, since southwest wiritls arc stroilgly predominant. It is traccable from the air for at least 20 miles in this direction and is estimated as severe within 11 inilcs ailcl very scvcrc \\-ithill 5 miles. \Vithin about 10 miles NE. froin the si~iter plant ground flora v:triely cleclines rnarl;edly, from about 20-10 species pcr 10 square ineter quadrat beyond this distance to 0-1 species within 2 miles of thc pollution source. At the same time sulphate in lalrc aild pond waters increases greatly, from i~or~nal levels of about 0.2-0.3 millicquivalents per liter to more tliai1 0.5 ineq/l. within 11 illilcs NE. ancl LIP to 2 mecl/l. within 2 milcs NE. from the sinter plant. Waters within about 5 miles NE. are strongly acid (PI-I 3.2-3.8), but are not lo\v in calci~~ln. Soluble sulphate in the surface soil rises sharply within about 1 miles NE. from thc pollutiori source, where, also, soil erosioil is very prono~~nced, though traccablc farther out. 'Thc phanerogams most tolerant of air pollution are Polygonz~iiz cilitzode and Sa7trbt~cr~s p~rbetrs, \vhicli are infrequent in the normal forcst vegetation. In quaclrat studies alolig ;I northeast trailsect, seedlings of Pit~zrs slrobr~s were not obscrvcd within 30 milcs from thc sintcr plnrit, while those of Picen glaz~ca, P. tt~nrinirn, and Popz~lzrs t~enlz~loidcs were not recorded within 15 miles.

ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AIR POLLUTION FROM AN IRON-SINTERING PLANT AT WAWA, ONTARIO