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Plant populations are often spatially structured owing to limited dispersal of pollen and seed. Mating be- tween neighboring individuals in such populations often leads to reduced reproductive performance relative to matings between distant individuals. This response, which may be a result of inbreeding depression or prezygotic mating barri- ers, was investigated for slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum L. (Brassicaceae), a rare insect-pollinated mustard endemic to sagebrush-steppe habitat in southwestern Idaho. Through hand pollination experiments we found that indi- vidual plants receiving pollen from distant sources (75-100 m and 6.5-20 km away) had significantly higher percent fruit sets than those relying on pollen from neighboring plants (<1 m away). Self pollinated plants produced little or no fruit. These results suggest that L. papilliferum relies primarily, if not exclusively, on outcrossed pollination, and that its populations are spatially structured. Conservation efforts should therefore strive to protect sufficiently large areas of suitable habitat to ensure maintenance of genetic diversity and preserve or enhance connectivity between populations. Resume : A structure spatiale des populations vegetales est souvent liee a une dispersion limitee du pollen et des grai- nes. Dans de telles populations, le croisement entre individus contigus conduit souvent a des performances de repro- duction reduites, comparativement a celles qui proviennent des croisements entre individus eloignes. Cette reaction pourrait resulter d'une faiblesse de consanguinite ou de barrieres pre-zygotiques; les auteurs ont etudie cette question chez la lepidie papillee (Lepidium papilliferum L., Brassicaceae), une espece rare de moutarde, endemique aux habitats de steppe a armoise du sud-ouest de l'Idaho. Suite a des pollinisations manuelles, les auteurs ont trouve que les plantes individuelles recevant du pollen de sources distantes (eloignees de 75-100 m et 6,5-20 km), montrent un pourcentage de mise a fruit significativement plus eleve, comparativement a celles qui dependent du pollen des plantes voisines (<1 m). Les plantes auto-fecondees produisent peu ou pas de fruits. Ces resultats suggerent que le L. papilliferum s'appuie surtout, sinon exclusivement, sur la pollinisation exterieure, et que sa population est spatialement structuree. Les efforts de conservation devraient chercher a proteger des aires suffisamment vastes d'habitat approprie pour garan- tir le maintien de la diversite genetique, et assurer ou promouvoir la connectivite entre les populations. Mots cles : Brassicaceae, auto-fecondation, fecondation croisee, structure spatiale des populations, espece rare. (Traduit par la Redaction) Robertson and Ulappa 1710

Distance Between Pollen Donor and Recipient Influences Fruiting Success in Slickspot Peppergrass, Lepidium Papilliferum