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The plasma insulin response to intestinally administered glucose is greater than that elicited by the same quantity of glucose given intravenously (McIntyre et al., 1965). McIntyre and his colleagues suggested that the most likely explanation is the release from the intestine of a humoral factor which stimulates insulin secretion. The identity of this hormone remains speculative, but the intestinal hormones secretin (Pfeiffer et al., 1965; Dupr6 et al., 1966; Unger et al., 1966b), pancreozymin (Ketterer et al., 1966), and glucagon (Samols et al., 1965a, 1965b) have all been reported to stimulate the release of insulin. Glucagon is an attractive possibility. Its presence in the gastrointestinal tract has been indicated by biological (Kenny and Say, 1962; Makman and Sutherland, 1964) and immunochemical techniques (Samols et al., 1966 ; Unger et al., 1966a?. Samols et at. (1965a) demonstrated that the injection of 1 mg. of glucagon into normal fasting humans produced a rise in plasma insulin that could not be accounted for by elevation of blood glucose. In addition, glucagon has been shown to stimulate the release of insulin from isolated pancreatic tissue (Candela et al., 1963 ; Turner and McIntyre, 1966). Further-

Effect of glucagon in intravenous glucose tolerance.