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I am indeed honoured to deliver the Heberden Oration in 1980, particularly since it was 25 years ago that Walter Bauer was the Heberden Orator.' He was then Jackson professor of clinical medicine at Harvard Medical School and chief of the medical services at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Bauer had an enormous influence on the disciplines of rheumatology and internal medicine not only in the United States but throughout the world as well. He also had remarkable skills as a physician and was an extraordinary bedside teacher. Early in his career he became interested in the scientific basis of medicine and in 1927 came to London to work in the laboratory of Henry Dale. The following year he returned to Boston and accepted Cecil Drinker's invitation to head a new unit called the Robert W. Lovett Memorial Group for the Study of Diseases Causing Deformities. With his characteristic energy he proceeded to organise a broad programme of research in diseases of bones and joints.2 Bauer believed that in addition to the importance of having scientists and clinicians working side by side there was a need in his department for some individuals who could combine skills in research and clinical practice. He took the position that 'scientific rigor and traditional humanitarianism are complementary aspects of medicine' and that some individuals must attempt 'to embrace both points of view.'3 He thought that the mysteries ofjoint diseases might be solved by study of connective tissue macromolecules, and with this aim he recruited young scientists interested in collagen, mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins to work with him, while at the same time he helped and encouraged them to establish their own independence. Two of these individuals, Jerome Gross and Roger Jeanloz, professors at Harvard Medical School, are still engaged in exciting research in the Lovett Group at the Massachusetts General Hospital.

Heberden Oration 1980: aspects of the cell biology of the rheumatoid synovial lesion.