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International audience9 Plutons have long been viewed as crystallized remnants of large magma reservoirs, a 10 concept now challenged by high precision geochronological data coupled with thermal models. 11 Similarly, the classical view of silicic eruptions fed by long-lived magma reservoirs that slowly 12 differentiate between mafic recharges is being questioned by petrological and geophysical 13 studies. In both cases, a key and yet unresolved issue is the rate of magma transfer in the crust. 14 Here, we use thermal analysis of magma transport to calculate the minimum rate of magma 15 transfer through dykes. We find that unless the crust is exceptionally hot the recharge of magma 16 reservoirs requires a magma supply rate of at least ~0.01 km 3 /yr, much higher than the long-term 17 growth rate of plutons, which demonstrates unequivocally that igneous bodies must grow 18 incrementally. This analysis argues also that magma reservoirs are short-lived and erupt rapidly 19 after being recharged by already differentiated magma. These findings have significant 20 implications for the monitoring of dormant volcanic systems and our ability to interpret geodetic 21 surface signals related to incipient eruptions. 2

Rates of magma transfer in the crust: Insights into magma reservoir recharge and pluton growth