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A paradigm has existed for more than 30 years that the basalthermal regime of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in Victoria Land madea fundamental transition from wet-based to cold-based either atca. 14 Ma or after ca. 2.5 Ma. The basal thermal regime is importantbecause it determines the potential for unstable behavior in an icesheet. We have studied the environmental characteristics of subglaciallyerupted volcanic centers scattered along 800 km of the Ross Seafl ank of the Transantarctic Mountains. The volcanoes preserve evidencefor the coeval paleo-ice thicknesses and contain features diagnosticof both wet-based and cold-based ice conditions. By dating thesequences we are able to demonstrate that the basal thermal regimevaried spatially and with time between ca. 12 Ma and present. It waspolythermal overall and probably comprised a coarse temperaturepatchwork of frozen-bed and thawed-bed ice, similar to the East AntarcticIce Sheet today. Thus, an important shift is required in the prevailingparadigm describing its temporal evolution

Glaciovolcanic evidence for a polythermal Neogene East Antarctic Ice Sheet