English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Open

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Insights

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Despite the strikingly high worldwide prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), treatment options for recurrent VVC (RVVC) remain limited, with many women experiencing failed clinical treatment with frontline azoles. Further, the cause of onset and recurrence of disease is largely unknown, with few studies identifying potential mechanisms of treatment failure. This study aimed to assess a panel of clinical samples from healthy women and those with RVVC to investigate the influence of  Candida , the vaginal microbiome, and how their interaction influences disease pathology. 16S rRNA sequencing characterized disease by a reduction in specific health-associated  Lactobacillus  species, such as  Lactobacillus crispatus , coupled with an increase in  Lactobacillus iners .  In vitro  analysis showed that  Candida albicans  clinical isolates are capable of heterogeneous biofilm formation, and we found the presence of hyphae and  C. albicans  aggregates in vaginal lavage fluid. Additionally, the ability of  Lactobacillus  to inhibit  C. albicans  biofilm formation and biofilm-related gene expression was demonstrated. Using RNA sequencing technology, we were able to identify a possible mechanism by which  L. crispatus  may contribute to re-establishing a healthy vaginal environment through amino acid acquisition from  C. albicans . This study highlights the potential formation and impact of  Candida  biofilms in RVVC. Additionally, it suggests that RVVC is not entirely due to an arbitrary switch in  C. albicans  from commensal to pathogen and that understanding interactions between this yeast and vaginal  Lactobacillus  species may be crucial to elucidating the cause of RVVC and developing appropriate therapies.   IMPORTANCE  RVVC is a significant burden, both economically and for women's health, but its prevalence is poorly documented globally due to the levels of self-treatment. Identifying triggers for development and recurrence of VVC and the pathogenesis of the microbes involved could considerably improve prevention and treatment options for women with recurrent, azole-resistant cases. This study therefore aimed to examine the interkingdom dynamics from healthy women and those with RVVC using next-generation sequencing techniques and to further investigate the molecular interactions between  C. albicans  and  L. crispatus  in a relevant biofilm coculture system.

Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: a Dynamic Interkingdom Biofilm Disease of Candida and Lactobacillus