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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in late 2019, has sincespread around the world and infected hundreds of millions of people withcoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While this viral species was unknown priorto January 2020, its similarity to other coronaviruses that infect humans hasallowed for rapid insight into the mechanisms that it uses to infect humanhosts, as well as the ways in which the human immune system can respond. Here,we contextualize SARS-CoV-2 among other coronaviruses and identify what isknown and what can be inferred about its behavior once inside a human host.Because the genomic content of coronaviruses, which specifies the virus'sstructure, is highly conserved, early genomic analysis provided a significanthead start in predicting viral pathogenesis and in understanding potentialdifferences among variants. The pathogenesis of the virus offers insights intosymptomatology, transmission, and individual susceptibility. Additionally,prior research into interactions between the human immune system andcoronaviruses has identified how these viruses can evade the immune system'sprotective mechanisms. We also explore systems-level research into theregulatory and proteomic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immuneresponse. Understanding the structure and behavior of the virus serves tocontextualize the many facets of the COVID-19 pandemic and can influenceefforts to control the virus and treat the disease.

Pathogenesis, Symptomatology, and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through Analysis of Viral Genomics and Structure