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Transgenic mice expressing either the neu proto-oncogene or transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha) in the mammary epithelium develop spontaneous focal mammary tumors that occur after a long latency. Since the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Neu are capable of forming heterodimers that are responsive to EGFR ligands such as TGF-alpha, we examined whether coexpression of TGF-alpha and Neu in mammary epithelium could cooperate to accelerate the onset of mammary tumors. To test this hypothesis, we interbred separate transgenic strains harboring either a mouse mammary tumor virus/TGF-alpha or a mouse mammary tumor virus/neu transgene to generate bitransgenic mice that coexpress TGF-alpha and neu in the mammary epithelium. Female mice coexpressing TGF-alpha and neu developed multifocal mammary tumors which arose after a significantly shorter latency period than either parental strain alone. The development of these mammary tumors was correlated with the tyrosine phosphorylation of Neu and the recruitment of c-Src to the Neu complex. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses with EGFR- and Neu-specific antisera, however, failed to detect physical complexes of these two receptors. Taken together, these observations suggest that Neu and TGF-alpha cooperate in mammary tumorigenesis through a mechanism involving Neu and EGFR transactivation.

Synergistic Interaction of the Neu Proto-Oncogene Product and Transforming Growth Factor α in the Mammary Epithelium of Transgenic Mice