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Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is indispensable for the development of mutant  KRAS -driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). High  YAP1  mRNA is a prognostic marker for worse overall survival in patient samples; however, the regulatory mechanisms that mediate its overexpression are not well understood.  YAP1  genetic alterations are rare in PDAC, suggesting that its dysregulation is likely not due to genetic events. HuR is an RNA-binding protein whose inhibition impacts many cancer-associated pathways, including the “conserved YAP1 signature” as demonstrated by gene set enrichment analysis. Screening publicly available and internal ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RNP-IP) RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data sets, we discovered that  YAP1  is a high-confidence target, which was validated  in vitro  with independent RNP-IPs and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) binding assays. In accordance with our RNA sequencing analysis, transient inhibition (e.g., small interfering RNA [siRNA] and small-molecular inhibition) and CRISPR knockout of HuR significantly reduced expression of YAP1 and its transcriptional targets. We used these data to develop a HuR activity signature (HAS), in which high expression predicts significantly worse overall and disease-free survival in patient samples. Importantly, the signature strongly correlates with  YAP1  mRNA expression. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of YAP1 regulation, which may explain how tumor cells maintain  YAP1  mRNA expression at dynamic times during pancreatic tumorigenesis.

The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Posttranscriptionally Regulates the Protumorigenic Activator YAP1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma