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Structural alterations induced in HeLa cells by herpes simplex virus and the mechanism whereby the virus is formed in the nucleus in crystal arrays were studied by electron microscopy with both the usual and negatively stained sections. Aggregates of granular and filamentous material were observed in the cytoplasm of infected cells with both sections. On the other hand, no remarkable alterations in appearance of the cytoplasmic ground substance were observed with the usual sections of infected cells. However, the cytoplasmic ground substance of infected cells when negatively stained consisted of granular material which was different in appearance from the spongy material constituting the cytoplasmic matrix of uninfected cells. In the nucleus of infected cells, complexes consisting of round bodies, amorphous material, aggregates of uniform granules in rows, and viral crystals were often observed near the nuclear membrane in both types of sections. Examinations of the granular aggregates with negatively stained sections suggested that each granule represents a subunit and that the several adjoining subunits (approximately eight) constitute the requirement for formation of a single viral capsid with a core. Thus, rapid and simultaneous formation of the core and capsid within the aggregate would replace the rows of the granules with the viral crystal. The advantages of negative staining of thin sections for visualization of fine structural alterations are discussed.

Mechanism of Intranuclear Crystal Formation of Herpes Simplex Virus as Revealed by the Negative Staining of Thin Sections