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The DA strain of Theiler's virus, a murine picornavirus, causes a persistent infection of glial cells of the white matter of the spinal cord, associated with chronic inflammation and primary demyelination. The GDVII strain causes an acute fatal grey matter encephalomyelitis. We characterized the target cells of GDVII and DA viruses 4 days following intracerebral inoculation, and we compared the levels of viral RNA within these cells. GDVII virus infected approximately 10 times more cells than DA virus. Whereas GDVII virus infected neurons exclusively, DA virus infected also astrocytes and possible macrophage-microglial cells. The levels of viral RNA in neurons infected with GDVII and DA viruses were of the same order. These results show that DA virus infects glial cells already at the beginning of the disease and that the more efficient spread of GDVII virus is probably not due to a higher level of RNA replication per cell.

Early infection of the central nervous system by the GDVII and DA strains of Theiler's virus