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The human foamy virus (HFV) contains within the U3 region of its long terminal repeat (LTR) three perfect consensus sequences for the binding of the inducible transcription factor AP-1. Results of DNase I footprint protection and gel retardation assays demonstrated that proteins in extracts of HeLa and BHK-21 cells as well as bacterially expressed Jun and Fos proteins bind to these AP-1 sites. By conducting transient expression assays using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids carrying LTR sequences with point-mutated AP-1 sites, it was found that the three AP-1 sites contribute to the optimal activity of the HFV promoter. It is shown that induction of the HFV LTR by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and serum factors is mediated through the AP-1 sites.

Transcription factor AP-1 modulates the activity of the human foamy virus long terminal repeat