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The interaction of mammalian reoviruses with sialylated glycoproteins was studied and found to be highly serotype specific in that attachment of type 3 Dearing reovirus to murine L cell receptors could be strongly inhibited by bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), fetuin, and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, albeit at different efficiencies, whereas attachment of type 1 Lang reovirus was inhibited only by fetuin. We subsequently demonstrated, by using reassortants between type 3 and 1 reoviruses, that inhibition of reovirus attachment to cell receptors was specified by the viral attachment protein gene S1. Using a solid-phase binding assay, we further demonstrated that the ability of reovirus type 3 or reassortant 1HA3 and the inability of reovirus type 1 or reassortant 3HA1 to bind avidly to BSM was a property of the viral S1 genome segment and required the presence of sialic acid residues on BSM oligosaccharides. Taken together, these results demonstrated that there is a serotype-specific difference in the ability of the reovirus attachment protein, sigma 1, to interact with sialylated oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. Interaction of reovirus type 3 with sialylated oligosaccharides of BSM is dramatically affected by the degree of O-acetylation of their sialic acid residues, as indicated by the findings that chemical removal of O-acetyl groups stimulated reovirus type 3 attachment to BSM, whereas preferential removal of residues lacking or possessing reduced amounts of O-acetyl groups per sialic acid molecule with Vibrio cholerae sialidase abolished binding. We also demonstrated that BSM was 10 times more potent in inhibiting attachment of infectious reovirus to L cells than was V. cholerae-treated BSM. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that sialylated oligosaccharides on host cells or erythrocytes may act as binding sites or components of binding sites for type 3 reovirus through a specific interaction with the virus attachment protein.

Inhibition of reovirus type 3 binding to host cells by sialylated glycoproteins is mediated through the viral attachment protein