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Here, we demonstrate thatKIR2DL4 copy number variation (CNV) is associated with CD4+ T-cell decline and functionality of cytokine-producing NK cells during primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection inMamu-A *01 − Indian-origin rhesus macaques, with higherKIR2DL4 copy numbers being associated with a better preservation of CD4+ T cells and an increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production from stimulated cytokine-producing NK cell subsets during acute SIVmac251 infection. These findings underscore the crucial role of activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in NK cell-mediated SIV responses during early SIV infection.

journal of virology

KIR2DL4Copy Number Variation Is Associated with CD4+T-Cell Depletion and Function of Cytokine-Producing NK Cell Subsets in SIV-InfectedMamu-A*01-Negative Rhesus Macaques