English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

TheReoviridae family consists of nonenveloped multilayered viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome consisting of 9 to 12 genome segments. TheOrbivirus genus of theReoviridae family contains African horse sickness virus (AHSV), bluetongue virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, which cause notifiable diseases and are spread by bitingCulicoides species. Here, we used reverse genetics for AHSV to study the role of outer capsid protein VP2, encoded by genome segment 2 (Seg-2). Expansion of a previously found deletion in Seg-2 indicates that structural protein VP2 of AHSV is not essential for virus replicationin vitro . In addition, in-frame replacement of RNA sequences in Seg-2 by that of green fluorescence protein (GFP) resulted in AHSV expressing GFP, which further confirmed that VP2 is not essential for virus replication. In contrast to virus replication without VP2 expression in mammalian cells, virus replication in insect cells was strongly reduced, and virus release from insect cells was completely abolished. Further, the other outer capsid protein, VP5, was not copurified with virions for virus mutants without VP2 expression. AHSV without VP5 expression, however, could not be recovered, indicating that outer capsid protein VP5 is essential for virus replicationin vitro . Our results demonstrate for the first time that a structural viral protein is not essential for orbivirus replicationin vitro , which opens new possibilities for research on other members of theReoviridae family.IMPORTANCE Members of theReoviridae family cause major health problems worldwide, ranging from lethal diarrhea caused by rotavirus in humans to economic losses in livestock production caused by different orbiviruses. TheOrbivirus genus contains many virus species, of which bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) cause notifiable diseases according to the World Organization of Animal Health. Recently, it has been shown that nonstructural proteins NS3/NS3a and NS4 are not essential for virus replicationin vitro , whereas it is generally assumed that structural proteins VP1 to -7 of these nonenveloped, architecturally complex virus particles are essential. Here we demonstrate for the first time that structural protein VP2 of AHSV is not essential for virus replicationin vitro . Our findings are very important for virologists working in the field of nonenveloped viruses, in particular reoviruses.

Structural Protein VP2 of African Horse Sickness Virus Is Not Essential for Virus Replication In Vitro