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Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) associated with severe pneumonia has been one of the most important viral pathogens in pigs. IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that might be associated with the strong inflammation caused by PRRSV. Therefore, we sought to determine whether PRRSV infection affects IL-17 expression, and if so, determine this might partially explain the underlying mechanisms for the strong inflammation in HP-PRRSV-infected pigs, especially in lungs. Here, we show that PRRSV significantly induced IL-17 expression, and we subsequently dissected the molecular mechanisms about how PRRSV regulated IL-17 production. Furthermore, we show that Ser74 and Phe76 in nsp11 were indispensable for IL-17 production and viral replication. Importantly, we demonstrated that PI3K inhibitor impaired IL-17 production and alleviated lung inflammation caused by HP-PRRSV infection. Our findings will help us for a better understanding of PRRSV pathogenesis.

journal of virology

Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Induces Interleukin-17 Production via Activation of the IRAK1-PI3K-p38MAPK-C/EBPβ/CREB Pathways