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Retroviruses occasionally can infect host germ lines, forming endogenous retroviruses. Vertebrates, in turn, recruited retroviral genes for their own biological functions, a process formally known as co-option or exaptation. To date, co-opted retroviralgag genes have rarely been reported. In this study, we identified two co-opted retroviralgag genes, designatedwucaishi1 (wcs1 ) andwucaishi2 (wcs2 ), in mammals. The co-option ofwcs1 andwcs2 occurred before the origin of modern placentals and before the origin of modern marsupials, respectively. Our study indicates that retroviralgag gene co-option might have occurred more frequently than previously thought during the evolutionary course of vertebrates.

Convergent Co-option of the Retroviral gag Gene during the Early Evolution of Mammals