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Citrobacter rodentium (formerlyCitrobacter freundii biotype 4280 andCitrobacter genomospecies 9) was described on the basis of biochemical characterization and DNA-DNA hybridization data and is the onlyCitrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to those of the human pathogens enteropathogenicEscherichia coli and enterohemorrhagicE. coli . These virulence factors are encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a pathogenicity island required for the characteristic attaching and effacing (AE) pathology seen in infection with these three pathogens.C. rodentium , which apparently infects only mice, provides a useful animal model for studying the molecular basis of AE pathology. No work has been done to assess differences in pathogenicity betweenC. rodentium isolates from diverse sources. Here, we report the examination of 15C. rodentium isolates using a battery of genetic and biochemical approaches. No differences were observed between the isolates by repetitive-element sequence-based PCR analysis, biochemical analysis, and possession of LEE-specific virulence factors. These data suggest that members of the species are clonal. We further characterized an atypicalE. coli strain from Japan called mouse-pathogenicE. coli (MPEC) that, in our hands, caused the same disease asC. rodentium . Applying the same battery of tests, we found that MPEC possesses LEE-encoded virulence factors and is indistinguishable from the previously characterizedC. rodentium isolate DBS100. These results demonstrate that MPEC is a misclassifiedC. rodentium isolate and that members of this species are clonal and represent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice.

journal of clinical microbiology

Citrobacter rodentium , the Causative Agent of Transmissible Murine Colonic Hyperplasia, Exhibits Clonality: Synonymy of C. rodentium and Mouse-Pathogenic Escherichia coli