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The use of molecular identification techniques has revealed an increasing number of new species withinAspergillus sectionTerrei . We phenotyped a set of 26 clinical isolates that showed genetic differences fromAspergillus terreus sensu stricto by analyzing sequences from PCR-amplified β-tubulin and calmodulin genes and the internal transcribed spacer region. Since the isolates were phylogenetically and morphologically different from all of the members ofAspergillus sectionTerrei , they are described here as a new species,Aspergillus citrinoterreus , so named because it produces a diffusible yellowish pigment in agar.A. citrinoterreus isolates were significantly more susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole thanA. terreus sensu stricto isolates were; in contrast, the amphotericin B MICs for both species were high.A. citrinoterreus was found in clinical samples from patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis and colonized patients, none of whom had hematological malignancies as predisposing conditions. However, they did have other underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, and cancer or had received a solid organ transplants and presented not only with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis but also with mediastinitis.A. citrinoterreus isolates were detected for the first time in 2002. In all cases of invasive aspergillosis,A. citrinoterreus was found to be a copathogen, mostly withA. fumigatus .

Aspergilluscitrinoterreus, a New Species of Section Terrei Isolated from Samples of Patients with Nonhematological Predisposing Conditions