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Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) is a serious public health concern, causing severe diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Patient symptoms are varied among STEC strains, possibly implying the presence of markers for STEC virulence other than Stx. To reveal the genotypic traits responsible for STEC virulence, we investigated 282 strains of various serogroups for the presence of 17 major virulence genes, i.e.,stx 1 ,stx 2a ,stx 2c ,stx 2d ,stx 2e ,stx 2f ,eae ,tir ,espB ,espD ,iha ,saa ,subA ,ehxA ,espP ,katP , andstcE . Next, we examined the prevalence of virulence genes according to the seropathotypes in which serotypes were classified (seropathotypes A through E) based on the reported frequencies in human illness, as well as known associations with outbreaks and with severe disease. Our results demonstrate that the presence of bothkatP andstcE in STEC, in addition to the genes located in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), includingeae ,tir ,espB , andespD , may indicate the most pathogenic genotype of STEC. A population structure analysis of the profiles of virulence genes statistically supported the pathogenic genotype and, furthermore, revealed that there are serogroups with potentially higher pathogenicity than previously thought. Some strains in serogroups O26, O145, and O165 may have high virulence equivalent to that of serogroup O157. Several serogroups, including O14, O16, O45, O63, O74, 119, O128, and O untypeable, also may be potentially pathogenic, although rarely in humans.

Virulence Gene Profiles and Population Genetic Analysis for Exploration of Pathogenic Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli