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Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) is one of the most important groups of food-borne pathogens, and STEC strains belonging to the serotype O103:H2 can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. STEC O103:non-H2 strains are also sometimes isolated from human patients, but their genetic characteristics and role in significant human enteric disease are not yet understood. Here, we investigated 17 STEC O103:non-H2 strains, including O103:H11, O103:H25, O103:HUT (UT [untypeable]), and O103:H− (nonmotile) isolated in Japan, and their characteristics were compared to those of STEC O103:H2 and other serotype STEC strains. Sequence analyses offliC andeae genes revealed that strains possessed any of the following combinations:fliC -H2/eae -epsilon,fliC -H11/eae -beta1, andfliC -H25/eae -theta, wherefliC -H2, -H11, and -H25 indicatefliC genes encoding H2, H11, and H25 flagella antigens, respectively, andeae -epsilon, -beta1, and -theta indicateeae genes encoding epsilon, beta1, and theta subclass intimins, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of seven housekeeping genes demonstrated that the O103:H11/[fliC -H11] and O103:H25/[fliC -H25] strains formed two distinct groups, different from that of the O103:H2/[fliC -H2] strains. Interestingly, a group consisting of O103:H11 strains was closely related to STEC O26:H11, which is recognized as a most important non-O157 serotype, suggesting that the STEC O103:H11 and STEC O26:H11 clones evolved from a common ancestor. The multiplex PCR system for the rapid typing of STEC O103 strains described in the present study may aid clinical and epidemiological studies of the STEC O103:H2, O103:H11, and O103:H25 groups. In addition, our data provide further insights into the high variability of STEC stains with emerging new serotypes.

Molecular Characterization Reveals Three Distinct Clonal Groups among Clinical Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains of Serogroup O103